Specialty Coffee: Definition, Cupping Score, and Characteristics

The term specialty coffee is increasingly heard, but not everyone knows what it means. In short, specialty coffee is high-quality coffee evaluated through certain standards, from the farm to the cup.

What is specialty coffee?

Specialty coffee is generally defined as coffee that scores 80 or higher out of 100 in cupping evaluations, with very few defects. This evaluation is done by trained testers (Q Graders) who assess aroma, flavor, acidity, body, sweetness, and aftertaste.

What is cupping?

Cupping is a standard method of tasting coffee: coffee grounds are brewed directly in a cup and then tasted with a special spoon. This method helps evaluators compare the quality of several coffees fairly.

Characteristics of specialty coffee

• Clear origin: known region, altitude, or farm lot.
• Uniform and defect-free beans: strictly sorted.
• Controlled post-harvest process: such as full wash, semi wash, natural, or honey.
• Distinct flavor profile: naturally sweet, fruity, floral, or spicy, not just bitter.
• Freshly roasted and suitable for the bean's character. Learn about coffee roast levels.

Specialty vs premium vs regular coffee

"Specialty" has a measurable evaluation standard, while "premium" is often used as a marketing term without official standards. Therefore, ask about the origin and process of the coffee when buying. A more detailed explanation can be found in premium coffee beans: what's the difference with regular coffee.

How to enjoy specialty coffee

Brew using a method that highlights the flavor profile, such as V60 or pour over, and enjoy without sugar first. The guide is available at how to brew coffee beans at home.

Try specialty coffee from Sumatra

Start with Gayo arabica or Solok arabica at Jam Kopi, with a variety of processes and flavor profiles to explore. See them all on the product page.